Huarazensis (Rooted Plants)

"Huarazensis" refers to a specific cultivated variety (CV) or a putative species closely related to Trichocereus Pachanoi (often synonymized with Echinopsis Pachanoi), commonly known as San Pedro cactus. Here's a breakdown of what's known.

Nomenclature and Origin:

Controversy: There's ongoing discussion among enthusiasts and botanists whether "Huarazensis" is a distinct species (Trichocereus Huarazensis) or simply a Peruvian locality variety of Trichocereus Pachanoi (Trichocereus Pachanoi var. Huarazensis). Many believe it's a commercial variety of Trichocereus Pachanoi.

Origin: Plants encountered in cultivation are reportedly traced back to only two collections made in or around Huaraz, Peru. This lineage is often associated with the renowned cactus collector Karel Kníže, who sold seeds and plants from a wild population in Huaraz.

General Characteristics (Trichocereus Pachanoi and as they might apply to 'Huarazensis'):

Appearance: Trichocereus Pachanoi is a fast-growing, multi-stemmed columnar cactus, typically pale green to blue-green, sometimes glaucous when young, and darkening with age. It usually has 6-8 ribs, though variations exist.

Spines: Spine characteristics are highly variable in Trichocereus Pachanoi, often being short or even absent in cultivated varieties. When present, they are typically 3-7 per areole, up to 2 cm long, and can be dark yellow to light brown.

Flowers: Large, fragrant white flowers are produced at the ends of the stems, opening at night and lasting about two days. They are very showy, with a thick base covered in black hairs.

Fruit: Oblong, dark green fruits develop after fertilization, measuring about 3 cm across and 5-6 cm long, eventually revealing a white flesh filled with small seeds.

Growth Rate: Trichocereus Pachanoi is known for its fast growth, able to add up to 30 cm (12 inches) per year under optimal conditions.

Distinctive Traits (for 'Huarazensis' specifically): Some sources mention that "Huarazensis" possesses "quite distinctive stem growth and flower buds," which sets it apart for some aficionados. One specific hybrid involving 'Huarazensis' is described as having colors ranging from deep green to silver to purple depending on light levels, and being quite uncommon.

Cultivation and Care:

Hardiness: Trichocereus Pachanoi is remarkably cold-hardy for a cactus, able to withstand temperatures down to -9.4°C (20°F) due to its high-altitude Andean origin. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8b to 10.

Sunlight: Prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates. Aim for at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. Too much sun can cause sunburn and yellowing.

Soil: Requires fertile, well-draining soil. A good mix typically includes inorganic lightweight substrates like pumice or perlite, often in a 50/50 mix with nutritious soil.

Watering: This species can handle more water than many other cacti, especially during its active growing season (spring and summer). Water thoroughly and allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in winter or when night temperatures consistently fall below 10°C (50°F) to prevent rot and encourage dormancy. Overwatering can lead to fungal diseases.

Fertilization: During the growing season, fertilize monthly with a balanced fertilizer.

Pests and Diseases: While relatively resilient, they can be susceptible to fungal diseases (especially with overwatering), scale, spider mites, and mealybugs. Early detection and treatment (e.g., with 70% isopropyl alcohol for pests) are crucial.

Propagation: Easily propagated from seeds and cuttings. Cuttings should be allowed to callous over for several days before planting in well-draining soil.

Cultural Significance:

San Pedro Cactus: Trichocereus Pachanoi is one of the cacti widely known as San Pedro cactus. It has a long history of traditional use in Andean medicine for healing, religious divination, and ceremonial purposes, dating back over 3,000 years.

Mescaline Content: The cactus contains mescaline, a psychoactive compound. While its use for ceremonial purposes is deeply rooted in Andean culture (and legally recognized in some regions like Peru), cultivation for consumption is illegal in many other places. It is generally legal to grow for ornamental purposes.

In summary, 'Huarazensis' is a sought-after form of San Pedro cactus, likely a specific genetic lineage or local variant from Huaraz, Peru, known for some distinctive growth habits and contributing to the diverse genetics within the Trichocereus Pachanoi complex. Its care is similar to other San Pedro cacti, requiring good drainage, ample sun, and mindful watering.